全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10056篇 |
免费 | 1684篇 |
国内免费 | 2008篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 7798篇 |
晶体学 | 119篇 |
力学 | 604篇 |
综合类 | 149篇 |
数学 | 1315篇 |
物理学 | 3763篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 231篇 |
2022年 | 305篇 |
2021年 | 387篇 |
2020年 | 483篇 |
2019年 | 467篇 |
2018年 | 366篇 |
2017年 | 401篇 |
2016年 | 553篇 |
2015年 | 556篇 |
2014年 | 598篇 |
2013年 | 831篇 |
2012年 | 772篇 |
2011年 | 874篇 |
2010年 | 657篇 |
2009年 | 615篇 |
2008年 | 706篇 |
2007年 | 583篇 |
2006年 | 546篇 |
2005年 | 507篇 |
2004年 | 416篇 |
2003年 | 353篇 |
2002年 | 404篇 |
2001年 | 320篇 |
2000年 | 277篇 |
1999年 | 233篇 |
1998年 | 181篇 |
1997年 | 129篇 |
1996年 | 149篇 |
1995年 | 112篇 |
1994年 | 132篇 |
1993年 | 99篇 |
1992年 | 73篇 |
1991年 | 94篇 |
1990年 | 89篇 |
1989年 | 42篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 29篇 |
1986年 | 34篇 |
1985年 | 37篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
1936年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
951.
952.
Brφnsted酸性离子液体催化合成长链脂肪酸甲酯 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文合成了以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑为阳离子,HSO4-、H2PO4-和BF4-为阴离子的Brφnsted酸性离子液体,并以长链脂肪酸与甲醇的酯化反应考察了这些Brφnsted酸性离子液体的催化性能。实验结果表明,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢根鎓盐([bmim][HSO4])离子液体具有很高的催化活性,当n(醇)∶n(酸)∶n(离子液体)=6∶1∶0.25,反应温度为70℃,不分水酯化反应2h,长链脂肪酸甲酯的产率可达到93.4%以上,选择性达到100%;且产物酯与离子液体分离容易;离子液体经干燥处理后可以循环使用5次以上,催化活性没有明显降低。 相似文献
953.
954.
研究了在聚乙烯醇(PVA-124)存在的条件下Co(Ⅱ)与硫氰酸根、中性红(NR)体系的共振瑞利散射光谱(RRS)。考察了该体系的光谱特性,影响因素及适宜的反应条件,确定了共振瑞利散射光谱强度与Co(Ⅱ)浓度之间的关系。在酸性和PVA-124存在的条件下,配阴离子[Co(SCN)4]2-与NR形成离子缔合物,其RRS显著增强,最大散射峰位于592 nm处,据此建立了一种测定微量钴的方法。Co(Ⅱ)的浓度在0~0.48μg/mL范围内与△IRRS具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9989),方法检出限为4.4×10-5μg/mL。该法应用于维生素B12注射液中钴的测定,结果令人满意。 相似文献
955.
956.
合成了3个三苯胺-吡啶衍生物4-乙烯基吡啶-4'-(N,N-二苯胺基)苯(PPAB)、三[4-(4-吡啶乙烯基)苯]胺(TPPA)和4-(对-甲基-乙烯基吡啶碘盐)-4'-(N,N-二苯胺基)苯(PBPI),研究了它们的单光子荧光和三光子荧光性质.在1310nm飞秒激光激发下,化合物PPAB,PBPI and TPPA在二氯甲烷溶液中发出很强的三光子上转换荧光,荧光峰分别位于648,625,696nm.用飞秒Ti:Sapphire激光器非线性透过率法测得3个化合物在1310nm三光子吸收截面分别为1.91×10-79,3.46×10-79,3.64×10-79cm6·s2,它们具有很强的三光子吸收和光限幅效应. 相似文献
957.
958.
The secondary metabolites of different Ephedra plants are various. Therefore, the discrimination of different Ephedra plants is significant. An objective, easy-to-use, rapid and pollution-free approach is proposed for discriminating Ephedra plants of different species, habitats and picking times on the basis of diffuse reflectance Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) measurements and multivariate analysis. The Fourier transform near infrared diffuse reflectance spectra (NIRDRS) were acquired from 37 pulverized samples of Ephedra plants put in glass vials in the near infrared (NIR) region between 10 000 and 4000 cm−1, averaging 64 scans per spectrum at a resolution of 4 cm−1. After spectra processing and data pre-processing, spectral data were analyzed respectively with three multivariate analysis techniques: discriminant analysis (DA), self-organizing map (SOM) and back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN). The proposed method could distinguish not only the Ephedra plants of three species and two habitats but also the plants picked at different times of day without special sample treatment and the use of chemical reagents. The performance indexes of the DA model were 84.2-91.9% and the prediction accuracies of both the SOM and the BP-ANN models reached 93.3-100.0%. 相似文献
959.
In this paper, we first reported the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells used for fabricating biosensor. The organic-inorganic hybrid material composed of silica and the grafting copolymer of poly(vinyl alcohol) and 4-vinylpyridine (PVA-g-P(4-VP)) was used to immobilize microbial cells for biosensor fabrication. The VBNC cells were formed after the hybrid material dried, showing the cell walls were sacrificed. With the intracellular enzymes as core and the “sacrificed” cell walls as shell, the present VBNC cells maybe considered as a core/shell structure. The extracellular material worked as the scaffold for core/shell structure. The core/shell structure and the scaffold structure were demonstrated by single-cell level image analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The electrochemical method was adopted for further examining the enzyme activity of VBNC cells. The VBNC cells did not need nutrient treatment and other physicochemical factors for cell growth, which is a significant contribution for storing biosensor. A glucose-glutamic acid biosensor fabricated by the VBNC cells exhibited long-term storage stability for 100 days. 相似文献
960.
High-performance affinity monolith chromatography for chiral separation and determination of enzyme kinetic constants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new kind of immobilized human serum albumin (HSA) column was developed by using the sub-micron skeletal polymer monolith based on poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) [poly(GMA-EDMA)] as the support of high-performance affinity chromatography. Using the epoxide functional groups presented in GMA, the HSA immobilization procedure was performed by two different means. The affinity columns were successfully adopted for the chiral separation of d,l-amino acids (AAs). Then this method was shown to be applicable to the quantitative analysis of d-tryptophan, with a linear range between 12.0 μM and 979.0 μM, and a correlation coefficient above 0.99. Furthermore, it was used for the analysis of urine sample. This assay is demonstrated to be facile and relatively rapid. So it allows us to measure the enzyme catalytic activity in the incubation of d,l-AAs with d-AA oxidase and to study the kinetics of the enzyme reaction. It implied that the affinity monolithic columns can be a useful tool for studying DAAO enzyme reaction and investigating the potential enzyme mechanism requirement among chiral conversion. 相似文献